Dmitri Mendeleev’sPeriodic Table of Elements
1
H
Hydrogen
1312
—
—
72.8
53
31
H. Cavendish
1766
Great Britain
1s1
2
He
Helium
2372.3
5250.5
—
—
31
28
P. Janssen, N. Lockyer
1868
UK, France
1s2
3
Li
Lithium
520.2
7298.1
11815
59.6
167
128
J. Arfwedson
1817
Sweden
[He] 2s1
4
Be
Beryllium
899.5
1757.1
14848.7
—
112
96
L. Vauquelin
1798
France
[He] 2s2
5
B
Boron
800.6
2427.1
3659.7
26.7
87
85
J. L. Gay-Lussac
1807
France
[He] 2s2 2p1
6
C
Carbon
1086.5
2352.6
4620.5
153.9
67
76
Ancient Egypt
—
—
[He] 2s2 2p2
7
N
Nitrogen
1402.3
2856
4578.1
7
56
71
D.l Rutherford
1772
Great Britain
[He] 2s2 2p3
8
O
Oxygen
1313.9
3388.3
5300.5
141
48
66
J. Priestley
1774
Great Britain
[He] 2s2 2p4
9
F
Fluorine
1681
3374.2
6050.4
328
42
57
A. M. Ampere
1810
France
[He] 2s2 2p5
10
Ne
Neon
2080.7
3952.3
6122
—
38
58
M. Travers,
W. Ramsay
1898
UK
[He] 2s2 2p6
11
Na
Sodium
495.8
4562
6910.3
52.8
190
166
D. Humphry
1807
UK
[Ne] 3s1
12
Mg
Magnesium
737.7
1450.7
7732.7
—
145
141
J. Black
1808
UK
[Ne] 3s2
13
Al
Aluminum
577.5
1816.7
2744.8
42.5
118
121
H. C. Orsted
1824
Denmark
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
14
Si
Silicon
786.5
1577.1
3231.6
133.6
111
111
J. J. Berzelius
1854
Sweden
[Ne] 3s2 3p2
15
P
Phosphorus
1011.8
1907
2914.1
71
98
107
H. Brand
1669
Germany
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
16
S
Sulfur
999.6
2252
3357
200
87
105
Ancient China
—
—
[Ne] 3s2 3p4
17
Cl
Chlorine
1251.2
2298
3822
349
79
102
C.l W. Scheele
1774
Sweden
[Ne] 3s2 3p5
18
Ar
Argon
1520.6
2665.8
3931
—
71
106
J. W. Strutt
1894
UK
[Ne] 3s2 3p6
19
K
Potassium
418.8
3052
4420
48.4
243
203
D. Humphry
1807
UK
[Ar] 4s1
20
Ca
Calcium
589.8
1145.4
4912.4
2.37
194
176
D. Humphry
1808
UK
[Ar] 4s2
21
Sc
Scandium
633.1
1235
2388.6
18.1
184
170
L. F. Nilson
1879
Sweden
[Ar] 4s2 3d1
22
Ti
Titanium
658.8
1309.8
2652.5
7.6
176
160
W. Gregor
1793
Great Britain
[Ar] 4s2 3d2
23
V
Vanadium
650.9
1414
2830
50.6
171
153
A. M. d. Rio
1803
Spain
[Ar] 4s2 3d3
24
Cr
Chromium
652.9
1590.6
2987
64.3
166
139
L. N. Vauquelin
1797
France
[Ar] 4s1 3d5
25
Mn
Manganese
717.3
1509
3248
—
161
139
J. G. Gahn
1774
Sweden
[Ar] 4s2 3d5
26
Fe
Iron
762.5
1561.9
2957
15.7
156
132
—
—
—
[Ar] 4s2 3d6
27
Co
Cobalt
760.4
1648
3232
63.7
152
126
G. Brandt
1735
Sweden
[Ar] 4s2 3d7
28
Ni
Nickel
737.1
1753
3395
112
149
124
A. F. Cronstedt
1751
Sweden
[Ar] 4s2 3d8
29
Cu
Copper
745.5
1957.9
3555
118.4
145
132
Middle East
—
—
[Ar] 4s1 3d10
30
Zn
Zinc
906.4
1733.3
3833
—
142
122
Indian metallurgists pre 1000 BC
—
—
[Ar] 4s2 3d10
31
Ga
Gallium
578.8
1979.3
2963
28.9
136
122
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
1875
France
[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1
32
Ge
Germanium
762
1537.5
3302.1
119
125
120
C. Winkler
1886
Germany
[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p2
33
As
Arsenic
947
1798
2735
78
114
119
Bronze Age
—
—
[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p3
34
Se
Selenium
941
2045
2973.7
195
103
120
J. J. Berzelius
1817
Sweden
[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p4
35
Br
Bromine
1139.9
2103
3470
324.6
94
120
C. J. Lowig
1825
France
[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5
36
Kr
Krypton
1350.8
2350.4
3565
—
87
116
W. Ramsay
1898
UK
[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6
37
Rb
Rubidium
403
2633
3860
46.9
265
220
R. Bunsen,
G. Kirchhoff
1861
Germany
[Kr] 5s1
38
Sr
Strontium
549.5
1064.2
4138
5.03
219
195
W. Cruickshank, A. Crawford
1787
Great Britain
[Kr] 5s2
39
Y
Yttrium
600
1180
1980
29.6
212
190
J. Gadolin
1794
Finland
[Kr] 5s2 4d1
40
Zr
Zirconium
640.1
1270
2218
41.1
206
175
M. H. Klaproth
1789
Germany
[Kr] 5s2 4d2
41
Nb
Niobium
652.1
1380
2416
86.1
198
164
C. Hatchett
1801
Great Britain
[Kr] 5s1 4d4
42
Mo
Molybdenum
684.3
1560
2618
71.9
190
154
C. W. Scheele
1778
Sweden
[Kr] 5s1 4d5
43
Tc
Technetium
702
1470
2850
53
183
147
E. G. Segre,
C. Perrier
1937
USA
[Kr] 5s2 4d5
44
Ru
Ruthenium
710.2
1620
2747
101.3
178
146
K. E. Claus
1844
Russia
[Kr] 5s1 4d7
45
Rh
Rhodium
719.7
1740
2997
109.7
173
142
W. H. Wollaston
1803
UK
[Kr] 5s1 4d8
46
Pd
Palladium
804.4
1870
3177
53.7
169
139
W. H. Wollaston
1803
UK
[Kr] 4d10
47
Ag
Silver
731
2070
3361
125.6
165
145
—
—
—
[Kr] 5s1 4d10
48
Cd
Cadmium
867.8
1631.4
3616
—
161
144
F. Stromeyer
1817
Germany
[Kr] 5s2 4d10
49
In
Indium
558.3
1820.7
2704
28.9
156
142
F. Reich
1863
Germany
[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p1
50
Sn
Tin
708.6
1411.8
2943
107.3
145
139
—
—
—
[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p2
51
Sb
Antimony
834
1594.9
2440
103.2
133
139
—
—
—
[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p3
52
Te
Tellurium
869.3
1790
2698
190.2
123
138
F. J. Muller
1782
A-Hungary
[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p4
53
I
Iodine
1008.4
1845.9
3180
295.2
115
139
B. Courtois,
T. Rikhter
1811
France
[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p5
54
Xe
Xenon
1170.4
2046.4
3099.4
—
108
140
W. Ramsay,
M. Travers
1898
UK
[Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p6
55
Cs
Cesium
375.7
2234.3
3400
45.5
298
244
R. Bunsen,
G. Kirchhoff
1774
Germany
[Xe] 6s1
56
Ba
Barium
502.9
965.2
3600
13.95
253
215
C. W. Scheele,
J. G. Gahn
1808
Sweden
[Xe] 6s2
57—71
La
Lanthanides
—
Lu
72
Hf
Hafnium
658.5
1440
2250
—
208
175
D. Koster,
Georg von Hevesy
1923
Denmark
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d2
73
Ta
Tantalum
761
1500
—
31
200
170
A. G. Ekeberg
1802
Sweden
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d3
74
W
Tungsten
770
1700
—
78.6
193
162
C. W. Scheele
1783
Sweden
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d4
75
Re
Rhenium
760
1260
2510
14.5
188
151
V. К. Nodak,
I. Takke
1925
Germany
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d5
76
Os
Osmium
840
1600
—
106.1
185
144
S. Tennant,
W. H. Wollaston
1803
UK
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d6
77
Ir
Iridium
880
1600
—
151
180
141
S. Tennant
1803
UK
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d7
78
Pt
Platinum
870
1791
—
205.3
177
136
W. H. Wollaston
1803
Spain
[Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d9
79
Au
Gold
890.1
1980
—
222.8
174
136
Middle East
—
—
[Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d10
80
Hg
Mercury
1007.1
1810
3300
—
171
132
G. Brandt
1735
Sweden
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10
81
Tl
Thallium
589.4
1971
2878
19.2
156
145
William Crookes
1861
UK
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1
82
Pb
Lead
715.6
1450.5
3081.5
35.1
154
146
Middle East
—
—
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2
83
Bi
Bismuth
703
1610
2466
91.2
143
148
C. F. Geoffroy
1753
France
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3
84
Po
Polonium
812.1
—
—
183.3
135
140
P. Curie, M. Curie
1898
France
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4
85
At
Astatine
920
—
—
270.1
127
150
D. R. Corson
1940
USA
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5
86
Rn
Radon
1037
—
—
—
120
150
E. Rutherford, R. B. Owens
1899
UK, USA
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6
87
Fr
Francium
380
—
—
—
—
260
M. Perey
1939
France
[Rn] 7s1
88
Ra
Radium
509.3
979
—
—
—
221
P. Curie, M. Curie
1898
France
[Rn] 7s2
89—103
Ac
Actinides
—
Lr
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
—
—
—
—
—
—
JINR, LBNL
1969
USSR, USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d2
105
Db
Dubnium
—
—
—
—
—
—
JINR, LBNL
1970
USSR, USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d3
106
Sg
Seaborgium
—
—
—
—
—
—
LBNL, LLNL
1974
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d4
107
Bh
Bohrium
—
—
—
—
—
—
JINR, GSI
1976
Germany
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d5
108
Hs
Hassium
—
—
—
—
—
—
GSI
1984
Germany
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d6
109
Mt
Meitnerium
—
—
—
—
—
—
GSI
1982
Germany
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d7
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
—
—
—
—
—
—
GSI
1994
Germany
[Rn] 7s1 5f14 6d9
111
Rg
Roentgentium
—
—
—
—
—
—
GSI
1994
Germany
[Rn] 7s1 5f14 6d10
112
Cn
Copernicium
—
—
—
—
—
—
GSI
1996
Germany
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10
113
Nh
Nihonium
—
—
—
—
—
—
RIKEN
2003
Japan
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p1
114
Fl
Flerovium
—
—
—
—
—
—
JINR, LLNL
1999
Russia, USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p2
115
Mc
Moscovium
—
—
—
—
—
—
JINR, LLNL, ORNL
2003
Russia, USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p3
116
Lv
Livermorium
—
—
—
—
—
—
JINR, LLNL
2000
Russia, USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p4
117
Ts
Tennessine
—
—
—
—
—
—
JINR, LLNL, ORNL
2010
Russia, USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p5
118
Og
Oganesson
—
—
—
—
—
—
JINR, LLNL
2002
Russia, USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 6d10 7p6
57
La
Lanthanum
538.1
1067
1850.3
48
—
207
C. G. Mosander
1839
Sweden
[Xe] 6s2 5d1
58
Ce
Cerium
534.4
1050
1949
50
—
204
M. H. Klaproth
1803
Germany
[Xe] 6s2 4f1 5d1
59
Pr
Praseodymium
527
1020
2086
50
247
203
C. Auer von Welsbach
1885
A-Hungary
[Xe] 6s2 4f3
60
Nd
Neodymium
533.1
1040
2130
50
206
201
C. Auer von Welsbach
1885
A-Hungary
[Xe] 6s2 4f4
61
Pm
Promethium
540
1050
2150
50
205
199
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segre, Hans Bethe
1942
USA
[Xe] 6s2 4f5
62
Sm
Samarium
544.5
1070
2260
50
238
198
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
1879
France
[Xe] 6s2 4f6
63
Eu
Europium
547.1
1085
2404
50
231
198
E. A. Demarcay
1901
France
[Xe] 6s2 4f7
64
Gd
Gadolinium
593.4
1170
1990
50
233
196
J. C. Galissard de Marignac
1880
Switzerland
[Xe] 6s2 4f7 5d1
65
Tb
Terbium
565.8
1110
2114
50
225
194
C.l G. Mosander
1843
Sweden
[Xe] 6s2 4f9
66
Dy
Dysprosium
573
1130
2200
50
228
192
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
1886
France
[Xe] 6s2 4f10
67
Ho
Holmium
581
1140
2204
50
226
192
J. L. Soret
1879
Sweden
[Xe] 6s2 4f11
68
Er
Erbium
589.3
1150
2194
50
226
189
C. G. Mosander
1842
Sweden
[Xe] 6s2 4f12
69
Tm
Thulium
596.7
1160
2285
50
222
190
P. T. Cleve
1879
Sweden
[Xe] 6s2 4f13
70
Yb
Ytterbium
603.4
1174.8
2417
50
222
187
J. C. Galissard de Marignac
1878
Switzerland
[Xe] 6s2 4f14
71
Lu
Lutetium
523.5
1340
2022.3
50
217
187
G. Urbain
1907
France
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
89
Ac
Actinium
499
1170
—
—
—
215
F. O. Giesel
1902
France
[Rn] 7s2 6d1
90
Th
Thorium
587
1110
1930
—
—
206
J. J. Berzelius
1828
Sweden
[Rn] 7s2 6d2
91
Pa
Protactinium
568
—
—
—
—
200
L. Meitner
1917
A-Hungary
[Rn] 7s2 5f2 6d1
92
U
Uranium
597.6
1420
—
—
—
196
M. H. Klaproth
1789
Germany
[Rn] 7s2 5f3 6d1
93
Np
Neptunium
604.5
—
—
—
—
190
E. McMillan,
P. H. Abelson
1940
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f4 6d1
94
Pu
Plutonium
584.7
—
—
—
—
187
G. T. Seaborg
1940
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f6
95
Am
Americium
578
—
—
—
—
180
G. T. Seaborg
1944
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f7
96
Cm
Curium
581
—
—
—
—
169
G. T. Seaborg
1944
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f7 6d1
97
Bk
Berkelium
601
—
—
—
—
—
LBNL
1949
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f9
98
Cf
Californium
608
—
—
—
—
—
LBNL
1950
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f10
99
Es
Einsteinium
619
—
—
—
—
—
LBNL
1952
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f11
100
Fm
Fermium
627
—
—
—
—
—
LBNL
1952
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f12
101
Md
Mendelevium
635
—
—
—
—
—
LBNL
1955
USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f13
102
No
Nobelium
642
—
—
—
—
—
JINR
1963
USSR
[Rn] 7s2 5f14
103
Lr
Lawrencium
—
—
—
—
—
—
JINR, LBNL
1961
USSR, USA
[Rn] 7s2 5f14 7p1